{"id":46,"date":"2025-09-24T22:04:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T20:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/python-ai.pl\/?p=46"},"modified":"2025-09-24T22:04:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T20:04:53","slug":"listy-i-kolekcje-danych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/?p=46","title":{"rendered":"Listy i kolekcje danych"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Kolekcje danych w Pythonie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Python oferuje r\u00f3\u017cne struktury danych do przechowywania i organizowania informacji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Listy (Lists):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Listy to zmienne kolekcje element\u00f3w. Mo\u017cna je modyfikowa\u0107 po utworzeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
# Tworzenie listy<\/span><\/span>\nfruits = [<\/span>"jab\u0142ko"<\/span>, <\/span>"banan"<\/span>, <\/span>"pomara\u0144cza"<\/span>]<\/span><\/span>\nnumbers = [<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span><\/span>\nmixed = [<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>"tekst"<\/span>, <\/span>True<\/span>, <\/span>3.14<\/span>]<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dost\u0119p do element\u00f3w (indeksowanie od 0)<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(fruits[<\/span>0<\/span>])      <\/span># jab\u0142ko<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(fruits[-<\/span>1<\/span>])     <\/span># pomara\u0144cza (ostatni element)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dodawanie element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nfruits.append(<\/span>"gruszka"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\nfruits.insert(<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>"kiwi"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Usuwanie element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nfruits.remove(<\/span>"banan"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\npopped = fruits.pop()  <\/span># usuwa i zwraca ostatni element<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 listy<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(fruits))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Metody list:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • append(x)<\/code> – dodaje element na ko\u0144cu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • insert(i, x)<\/code> – dodaje element na pozycji i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • remove(x)<\/code> – usuwa pierwszy element x<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • pop()<\/code> – usuwa i zwraca ostatni element<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • sort()<\/code> – sortuje list\u0119<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • reverse()<\/code> – odwraca kolejno\u015b\u0107<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    Krotki (Tuples):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    Krotki to niezmienne kolekcje. Po utworzeniu nie mo\u017cna ich modyfikowa\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    # Tworzenie krotki<\/span><\/span>\ncoordinates = (<\/span>10<\/span>, <\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\nperson = (<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>, <\/span>"Kowalski"<\/span>, <\/span>30<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dost\u0119p do element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(coordinates[<\/span>0<\/span>])  <\/span># 10<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(person[<\/span>1<\/span>])       <\/span># Kowalski<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Krotki s\u0105 niezmienne<\/span><\/span>\n# coordinates[0] = 15  # B\u0142\u0105d!<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    S\u0142owniki (Dictionaries):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    S\u0142owniki przechowuj\u0105 pary klucz-warto\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    # Tworzenie s\u0142ownika<\/span><\/span>\nperson = {<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>"name"<\/span>: <\/span>"Jan"<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>"age"<\/span>: <\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>"city"<\/span>: <\/span>"Warszawa"<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dost\u0119p do warto\u015bci<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(person[<\/span>"name"<\/span>])      <\/span># Jan<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(person.get(<\/span>"age"<\/span>))   <\/span># 30 (bezpieczniejszy spos\u00f3b)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dodawanie\/modyfikacja element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nperson[<\/span>"job"<\/span>] = <\/span>"Programista"<\/span><\/span>\nperson[<\/span>"age"<\/span>] = <\/span>31<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Usuwanie element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\ndel<\/span> person[<\/span>"city"<\/span>]<\/span><\/span>\njob = person.pop(<\/span>"job"<\/span>)    <\/span># usuwa i zwraca warto\u015b\u0107<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Iteracja po s\u0142owniku<\/span><\/span>\nfor<\/span> key <\/span>in<\/span> person:<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"<\/span>{<\/span>key<\/span>}<\/span>: <\/span>{<\/span>person[key]<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nfor<\/span> key, value <\/span>in<\/span> person.items():<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"<\/span>{<\/span>key<\/span>}<\/span>: <\/span>{<\/span>value<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    Zbiory (Sets):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    Zbiory przechowuj\u0105 unikalne elementy bez okre\u015blonej kolejno\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    # Tworzenie zbioru<\/span><\/span>\nfruits_set = {<\/span>"jab\u0142ko"<\/span>, <\/span>"banan"<\/span>, <\/span>"pomara\u0144cza"<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\nnumbers_set = {<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>5<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Dodawanie element\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nfruits_set.add(<\/span>"gruszka"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Operacje na zbiorach<\/span><\/span>\nset1 = {<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\nset2 = {<\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>5<\/span>, <\/span>6<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nunion = set1 | set2        <\/span># suma zbior\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\nintersection = set1 & set2 <\/span># cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wsp\u00f3lna<\/span><\/span>\ndifference = set1 - set2   <\/span># r\u00f3\u017cnica<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    List comprehensions:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    Kompaktowy spos\u00f3b tworzenia list na podstawie istniej\u0105cych kolekcji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    # Tradycyjny spos\u00f3b<\/span><\/span>\nsquares = []<\/span><\/span>\nfor<\/span> i <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>range<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    squares.append(i ** <\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# List comprehension<\/span><\/span>\nsquares = [i ** <\/span>2<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> i <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>range<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)]<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Z warunkiem<\/span><\/span>\neven_squares = [i ** <\/span>2<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> i <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>range<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>) <\/span>if<\/span> i % <\/span>2<\/span> == <\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u0106wiczenie:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    Stw\u00f3rz r\u00f3\u017cne kolekcje danych i eksperymentuj z ich metodami.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Kolekcje danych w Pythonie Python oferuje r\u00f3\u017cne struktury danych do przechowywania i organizowania informacji. Listy (Lists): Listy to zmienne kolekcje element\u00f3w. Mo\u017cna je modyfikowa\u0107 po utworzeniu. Metody list: Krotki (Tuples): Krotki to niezmienne kolekcje. Po utworzeniu nie mo\u017cna ich modyfikowa\u0107. S\u0142owniki (Dictionaries): S\u0142owniki przechowuj\u0105 pary klucz-warto\u015b\u0107. Zbiory (Sets): Zbiory przechowuj\u0105 unikalne elementy bez okre\u015blonej kolejno\u015bci. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[20,6,18,5],"class_list":["post-46","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurs","category-python","tag-kolekcje-danych","tag-kurs","tag-listy","tag-python"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}