{"id":49,"date":"2025-09-24T22:09:22","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T20:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/python-ai.pl\/?p=49"},"modified":"2025-09-24T22:09:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T20:09:22","slug":"funkcje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/?p=49","title":{"rendered":"Funkcje"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Funkcje w Pythonie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Funkcje to bloki kodu, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna wielokrotnie u\u017cywa\u0107. Pozwalaj\u0105 na organizacj\u0119 kodu i unikanie powt\u00f3rze\u0144.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Definiowanie funkcji:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Funkcj\u0119 definiujemy u\u017cywaj\u0105c s\u0142owa kluczowego def<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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def<\/span> <\/span>greet<\/span>():<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>"Witaj!"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Wywo\u0142anie funkcji<\/span><\/span>\ngreet()  <\/span># Wy\u015bwietli: Witaj!<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funkcje z parametrami:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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def<\/span> <\/span>greet<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"Witaj, <\/span>{<\/span>name<\/span>}<\/span>!"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ngreet(<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>)      <\/span># Witaj, Jan!<\/span><\/span>\ngreet(<\/span>"Anna"<\/span>)     <\/span># Witaj, Anna!<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Funkcja z wieloma parametrami<\/span><\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>add_numbers<\/span>(<\/span>a<\/span>, <\/span>b<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    result = a + b<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"<\/span>{<\/span>a<\/span>}<\/span> + <\/span>{<\/span>b<\/span>}<\/span> = <\/span>{<\/span>result<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nadd_numbers(<\/span>5<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>)  <\/span># 5 + 3 = 8<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funkcje zwracaj\u0105ce warto\u015bci:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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def<\/span> <\/span>square<\/span>(<\/span>number<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> number ** <\/span>2<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nresult = square(<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(result)  <\/span># 16<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Funkcja z wieloma return<\/span><\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>get_grade<\/span>(<\/span>score<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> score >= <\/span>90<\/span>:<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>"A"<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>elif<\/span> score >= <\/span>80<\/span>:<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>"B"<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>elif<\/span> score >= <\/span>70<\/span>:<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>"C"<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>else<\/span>:<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>"F"<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ngrade = get_grade(<\/span>85<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(grade)  <\/span># B<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Parametry domy\u015blne:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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def<\/span> <\/span>greet<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>"U\u017cytkowniku"<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"Witaj, <\/span>{<\/span>name<\/span>}<\/span>!"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ngreet()           <\/span># Witaj, U\u017cytkowniku!<\/span><\/span>\ngreet(<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>)      <\/span># Witaj, Jan!<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>create_profile<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>, <\/span>age<\/span>=<\/span>18<\/span>, <\/span>city<\/span>=<\/span>"Nieznane"<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"Imi\u0119: <\/span>{<\/span>name<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"Wiek: <\/span>{<\/span>age<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"Miasto: <\/span>{<\/span>city<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ncreate_profile(<\/span>"Anna"<\/span>)                    <\/span># u\u017cywa domy\u015blnych warto\u015bci<\/span><\/span>\ncreate_profile(<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>, <\/span>25<\/span>)                 <\/span># nadpisuje age<\/span><\/span>\ncreate_profile(<\/span>"Piotr"<\/span>, <\/span>30<\/span>, <\/span>"Warszawa"<\/span>)   <\/span># nadpisuje wszystkie<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Parametry nazwane:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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def<\/span> <\/span>describe_person<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>, <\/span>age<\/span>, <\/span>job<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"<\/span>{<\/span>name<\/span>}<\/span> ma <\/span>{<\/span>age<\/span>}<\/span> lat i pracuje jako <\/span>{<\/span>job<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Mo\u017cna wywo\u0142a\u0107 z nazwami parametr\u00f3w<\/span><\/span>\ndescribe_person(<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>, <\/span>age<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>, <\/span>job<\/span>=<\/span>"programista"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\ndescribe_person(<\/span>age<\/span>=<\/span>25<\/span>, <\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>"Anna"<\/span>, <\/span>job<\/span>=<\/span>"designer"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funkcje z list\u0105 argument\u00f3w:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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def<\/span> <\/span>sum_all<\/span>(*<\/span>numbers<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    total = <\/span>0<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> num <\/span>in<\/span> numbers:<\/span><\/span>\n        total += num<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> total<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nprint<\/span>(sum_all(<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>5<\/span>))  <\/span># 15<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(sum_all(<\/span>10<\/span>, <\/span>20<\/span>))         <\/span># 30<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Funkcja z parametrami nazwanymi<\/span><\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>create_profile<\/span>(**<\/span>kwargs<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> key, value <\/span>in<\/span> kwargs.items():<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>"<\/span>{<\/span>key<\/span>}<\/span>: <\/span>{<\/span>value<\/span>}<\/span>"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ncreate_profile(<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>"Jan"<\/span>, <\/span>age<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>, <\/span>city<\/span>=<\/span>"Warszawa"<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funkcje lambda (anonimowe):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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# Tradycyjna funkcja<\/span><\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>square<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span>):<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> x ** <\/span>2<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Funkcja lambda (to samo)<\/span><\/span>\nsquare_lambda = <\/span>lambda<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span>: x ** <\/span>2<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nprint<\/span>(square(<\/span>5<\/span>))        <\/span># 25<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(square_lambda(<\/span>5<\/span>)) <\/span># 25<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n# Lambda z wieloma parametrami<\/span><\/span>\nadd = <\/span>lambda<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>, <\/span>b<\/span>: a + b<\/span><\/span>\nprint<\/span>(add(<\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>))  <\/span># 7<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Zakres zmiennych (scope):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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global_var = <\/span>"Jestem globalna"<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ndef<\/span> <\/span>test_scope<\/span>():<\/span><\/span>\n    local_var = <\/span>"Jestem lokalna"<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(global_var)   <\/span># dost\u0119p do zmiennej globalnej<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>print<\/span>(local_var)    <\/span># dost\u0119p do zmiennej lokalnej<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\ntest_scope()<\/span><\/span>\n# print(local_var)  # B\u0142\u0105d! Zmienna lokalna nie jest dost\u0119pna poza funkcj\u0105<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0106wiczenie:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Stw\u00f3rz r\u00f3\u017cne funkcje z parametrami i warto\u015bciami zwracanymi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Funkcje w Pythonie Funkcje to bloki kodu, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna wielokrotnie u\u017cywa\u0107. Pozwalaj\u0105 na organizacj\u0119 kodu i unikanie powt\u00f3rze\u0144. Definiowanie funkcji: Funkcj\u0119 definiujemy u\u017cywaj\u0105c s\u0142owa kluczowego def: Funkcje z parametrami: Funkcje zwracaj\u0105ce warto\u015bci: Parametry domy\u015blne: Parametry nazwane: Funkcje z list\u0105 argument\u00f3w: Funkcje lambda (anonimowe): Zakres zmiennych (scope): \u0106wiczenie: Stw\u00f3rz r\u00f3\u017cne funkcje z parametrami i warto\u015bciami zwracanymi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[21,6,5],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurs","category-python","tag-funkcje","tag-kurs","tag-python"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions\/50"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-ai.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}